Galileo finds that moving objects follow mathematic equations > “The laws of Nature are written in the language of mathematics”

Describe relative motion:

• The speed of an object depends on the speed of the observer
• For example, if you are in a highway
  • Cars in the same direction and speed seem to be on rest
  • Cars in opposite directions have much higher speed

\[V_\text{Earth,Person}=V_\text{Earth,Train}+V_{\text{Train, Person}}\]

• At the same time that Galileo made his telescope, Kepler made a theory of the movement of planets
  • “Kepler’s Laws”
• Isaac Newton completed it
  • Invented Calculus
  • Defined “Newton’s Laws of movement”
  • Demonstrated that gravity laws explained Kepler’s Law
• People could make predictions of movements of planets

At that time the theory was that empty space was filled with a background medium called the luminiferous aether.

In that model light was a made of waves in aether
like waves in the water

The question was then

What is the speed of earth respect to aether?

In 1887, in Ohio, USA, Albert A. Michelson and Edward W. Morley measured the speed of light in perpendicular directions

They tried to to detect the relative motion of the Earth through the stationary luminiferous aether

The data of this experiment is in the variable morley

Analyze morley data

• What type of data
• What do they mean?
• What is the conclusion?
• Why this is important in modern times?
  • Hint: it is very important